Duels in the 19th century
In the nineteenth century, along with military fencing, special duels of honor developed with all the accompanying rituals. Even before the Second World War, duels were commonplace not only in Europe, but also abroad. Sometimes outstanding people died here. Insulting one's honor was reason enough for a duel. It was very easy to offend honor - it was enough to do something that offended someone's honor and not apologize for it. The old family aristocracy had a particularly high opinion of their honor. The aristocracy was imitated by the nobility, and then by the noble bourgeoisie.and people from those social strata who fought most often. Honor in the officer corps has become something of a fetish. Before the Second World War, many army officers, including the Polish one, put the officer's honor above human life. Common sense was forgotten, and the officer corps exerted enormous pressure on its members. They had to face a duel, even if such satisfaction was contrary to their beliefs. The officers who refused to duel were condemned to contempt, considering them cowards. Moreover, they were subjected to a social boycott. In the end, it so happened that such a person had to part with his uniform. In the 19th century, dueling became especially widespread in Germany. (as before, it was in France in the 17th century)
The degree of risk and recklessness of the rules of honor is illustrated by the case of 1817, when the French Creole Henri d'Edville faced a duel with the Scottish Captain Stuart. The opponents had to shoot at each other at the bottom of the dug grave from a distance of two steps through a sheet, the ends of which were both held in their left hands. However, d'Edville fainted before the command to open fire was given.
Although the first rules of dueling were written down in the 17th century, many duels in the first half of the 19th century took place without any rules and often ended tragically. Some fights have taken a strange turn. In 1803, in the territory near Paris, Grandpierre and Peck fought a duel, simultaneously rising in balloons to a height of 200 meters and shooting at each other (at bowls with balloons) from old muskets. Peck's balloon, which was correctly hit, burst, resulting in the death of his passenger at the scene.
The uniform rules, written in France in the first half of the nineteenth century, became a model for honor codes that were created in other countries. In the nineteenth century, duels were very formalized, there was a code that stipulated the strict rights and duties of the challenged, the audacious, the deputy and the leader of the duel, as well as the method of conducting the duel. Codes of honor defined the rules of honorable conduct during duels with both white and firearms (honorable weapons used in duels were: saber, sword and pistol). The fights took place in most countries with swords (in Poland and Hungary.- for sabers). Sabers approved for dueling must be sharp, free of nicks and rust. When injections were prohibited during combat, blunt-tipped sabers were used. On the other hand, the swords had to be the same length. Before the fight, the blades were disinfected with tampons. A duel with edged weapons was fought until the first, second, or third wound, or until the opponent was completely incapacitated. The doctors had to classify the wounds inflicted. During the battle, it was forbidden to shift weapons from one hand to the other, as well as grab the opponent's weapon with your hand. The commands Attention, Forward or Fight and Stop were used.. The combat commander interrupted him when: one of the fighters was injured, one of the fighters fell, one of the fighters - previously wounded - could not fight, one of the fighters dropped his weapon (or it broke). one of the fighters touched the ground with the tip of his blade - it had to be disinfected again, one of the fighters refused the rules of the duel. The fight manager was assisted by a second who stopped the fight when the coach did not notice something.
Historians point to a certain paucity of sources about duels. The duel was the most common, kept secret, in secluded places, and its participants and witnesses pledged under oath to maintain complete confidentiality.
In the second half of the 19th century, dueling also became fashionable among students. Members of academic corporations in Germany especially often fought. A face covered with numerous scars from duels was a bigger reason for many graduates than a university degree. Withdrawals at 1xBet become available after successful verification. The process is fast, although large transactions (over 240,000 BDT) may take more time to complete. According to the official payout policy, the maximum processing time is up to 7 business days. However, most users report that withdrawals take less than 12 hours. There are no issues with payouts at 1xBet. The 1xbet promo code free is a series of numbers and letters that you enter into a specified voucher box to get a good deal. The 1xbet app is the perfect alternative to the website.
The degree of risk and recklessness of the rules of honor is illustrated by the case of 1817, when the French Creole Henri d'Edville faced a duel with the Scottish Captain Stuart. The opponents had to shoot at each other at the bottom of the dug grave from a distance of two steps through a sheet, the ends of which were both held in their left hands. However, d'Edville fainted before the command to open fire was given.
Although the first rules of dueling were written down in the 17th century, many duels in the first half of the 19th century took place without any rules and often ended tragically. Some fights have taken a strange turn. In 1803, in the territory near Paris, Grandpierre and Peck fought a duel, simultaneously rising in balloons to a height of 200 meters and shooting at each other (at bowls with balloons) from old muskets. Peck's balloon, which was correctly hit, burst, resulting in the death of his passenger at the scene.
The uniform rules, written in France in the first half of the nineteenth century, became a model for honor codes that were created in other countries. In the nineteenth century, duels were very formalized, there was a code that stipulated the strict rights and duties of the challenged, the audacious, the deputy and the leader of the duel, as well as the method of conducting the duel. Codes of honor defined the rules of honorable conduct during duels with both white and firearms (honorable weapons used in duels were: saber, sword and pistol). The fights took place in most countries with swords (in Poland and Hungary.- for sabers). Sabers approved for dueling must be sharp, free of nicks and rust. When injections were prohibited during combat, blunt-tipped sabers were used. On the other hand, the swords had to be the same length. Before the fight, the blades were disinfected with tampons. A duel with edged weapons was fought until the first, second, or third wound, or until the opponent was completely incapacitated. The doctors had to classify the wounds inflicted. During the battle, it was forbidden to shift weapons from one hand to the other, as well as grab the opponent's weapon with your hand. The commands Attention, Forward or Fight and Stop were used.. The combat commander interrupted him when: one of the fighters was injured, one of the fighters fell, one of the fighters - previously wounded - could not fight, one of the fighters dropped his weapon (or it broke). one of the fighters touched the ground with the tip of his blade - it had to be disinfected again, one of the fighters refused the rules of the duel. The fight manager was assisted by a second who stopped the fight when the coach did not notice something.
Historians point to a certain paucity of sources about duels. The duel was the most common, kept secret, in secluded places, and its participants and witnesses pledged under oath to maintain complete confidentiality.
In the second half of the 19th century, dueling also became fashionable among students. Members of academic corporations in Germany especially often fought. A face covered with numerous scars from duels was a bigger reason for many graduates than a university degree. Withdrawals at 1xBet become available after successful verification. The process is fast, although large transactions (over 240,000 BDT) may take more time to complete. According to the official payout policy, the maximum processing time is up to 7 business days. However, most users report that withdrawals take less than 12 hours. There are no issues with payouts at 1xBet. The 1xbet promo code free is a series of numbers and letters that you enter into a specified voucher box to get a good deal. The 1xbet app is the perfect alternative to the website.